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Notes for use
These notes accompany the template and explain the drafting choices, the compliance points and the mistakes most often made with this document. They appear as a final page in the Word file, intended to be deleted before the document is executed.
A defective invoice costs your customer the credit
Input tax credit is available to the recipient only against a valid tax invoice containing the prescribed particulars, and only where the supplier has reported the supply and paid the tax. A missing GSTIN, a wrong place of supply, or an unreported invoice moves the loss onto the customer, who will come back to you. Treat the particulars as a commercial obligation, not a formality.
Place of supply decides the tax type, and it is the usual error
Central and State tax apply to an intra-State supply; integrated tax applies to an inter-State supply. The determination depends on the place of supply, which for services frequently is not the customer’s billing address — different rules apply to services connected with immovable property, transportation, events, and supplies to unregistered persons. Charging the wrong type means the customer cannot use the credit and the supplier must correct and re-report.
Invoice numbering must be serial and unique for the year
The number must be consecutive, unique within the financial year, and within the prescribed character limit. Separate series for different branches or supply types are permissible if each is itself consecutive. Gaps, duplicates and restarts mid-year are among the first things picked up in an audit.
Time limits differ for goods and services
For goods, the invoice is issued before or at the time of removal or delivery. For services, within the prescribed period from the supply. For continuous supply, by reference to the due date of payment or the event stated in the contract. Late invoicing shifts the tax period and creates a mismatch between your return and your customer’s.
E-invoicing where the turnover threshold is crossed
Where the turnover threshold applies, an invoice is valid only if reported to the portal and an invoice reference number obtained. An invoice raised outside that system is not a valid invoice at all, and the credit fails. The threshold has been progressively lowered; check whether it now applies to you rather than relying on a position taken when it did not.
HSN or SAC at the right digit level
The number of digits required depends on turnover. Stating fewer digits than required is a defect. Maintain the codes in the item master rather than typing them per invoice, and review them when the turnover band changes.
Discounts before and after supply are treated differently
A discount given at or before the time of supply and shown on the invoice reduces the taxable value. A discount given afterwards reduces it only if it was agreed before or at the time of supply, is linked to the specific invoices, and the recipient reverses the corresponding credit. Post-supply discounts handled informally are a recurring audit finding — use a credit note.
Bill to and ship to may differ
Where goods are delivered to a person other than the buyer, both parties must be shown, and the place of supply is determined by the applicable rule rather than by the delivery address. Getting this wrong on a three-party transaction is common.
Reverse charge must be stated
Where tax is payable by the recipient on reverse charge, the invoice must say so, and the supplier does not charge the tax. Silence on the point leads either to double payment or to neither party paying.
Exports and supplies to a special economic zone
These are zero-rated and must carry the prescribed endorsement, and the invoice must state whether the supply is made on payment of integrated tax or under a bond or letter of undertaking without payment. Omitting the endorsement delays the refund.
Payment terms and micro and small enterprises
Where the supplier is a registered micro or small enterprise, statutory payment timelines apply and interest runs automatically on delay, with consequences for the buyer’s deduction of the expenditure. State the registration on the invoice so the buyer knows the position — buyers frequently do not, and discover it at year end.
Credit and debit notes, not edits
An invoice already issued and reported cannot simply be edited. Correct it by a credit or debit note carrying its own particulars and reference to the original invoice, and report it within the period prescribed. Revised invoices are permitted only in limited circumstances.
Retention
Invoices and the underlying records must be retained for the period prescribed, and longer where a proceeding is pending. Retain the reported data as well as the document.
Current as of
Reflects Indian tax law current as of {{DATE OF USE}}. Prescribed particulars, e-invoicing thresholds, HSN digit requirements, time limits and place of supply rules all change — have the invoice template and the accounting system configuration reviewed by a tax adviser, and again whenever the turnover band changes.
This is a ready-to-use template provided for convenience. Laws and requirements change, and every situation is different — please have it reviewed by a qualified professional (a lawyer, company secretary, or chartered accountant as relevant) before you rely on it.